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SOC 530 Kinship, Tribe, Confederation and State in Central Asia and the Middle East

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Course Syllabus
Fall 2003-2004

Instructor: Erdoğan Yıldırım

This course is intended to familiarize the student with the social and cultural background of the Central Asian and the Middle Eastern societies as they inform and influence their way of modernization in the contemporary world. There will be no exams, but a proposal, presentation and a paper that should be submitted at the end of the semester. Attendance and classroom participations are must.

1st Week: Encounters with the pastoral nomad: the barbarian tribes of the East
Ammianus Marcellinus, ca. 378, excerpt from "The Gothic Invasion and the Battle of Hadrianople" in McCullough, David Willis (ed.), 1998, Chronicles of the Barbarians: Firsthand Accounts of Pillage and Conquest, From the Ancient World to the Fall of Constantinople, History Book Club, New York, pp. 121-126.
Priscus, ca. 449, excerpt from "Negotiating and Dining with Attila" in McCullough, David Willis (ed.), 1998, Chronicles of the Barbarians: Firsthand Accounts of Pillage and Conquest, From the Ancient World to the Fall of Constantinople, History Book Club, New York, pp. 158-160.
Jornades, 551, excerpt from "A Goth's Biography of Attila", in McCullough, David Mills (ed.), 1998, Chronicles of the Barbarians: Firsthand Accounts of Pillage and Conquest, From the Ancient World to the Fall of Constantiople, History Book Club, New York, pp. 165-166.
Childe, Gordon, 1968, What Happened in History, Pelican Books, pp. 29-32.
Krader, Lawrence, 1975, The Asiatic Mode of Production: Sources, Development and Critique in the Writings of Karl Marx, Van Gorcum & Comp. B.V., Assen, The Nederlands, pp. 19-80.

2nd Week: Origins of pastoral nomadism as a way of life
Eberhard, Wolfram, 1970, Conquerors and Rulers: Social Forces in Medieval China, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 112-118.
Barfield, Thomas, 1993, The Nomadic Alternative, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 4-18.
Khazanov, Anatoly, 1994, Nomads and the Outside World, The University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin, pp. 15-69, 85-118.

3rd Week: The tribal mode of social organization?
Marx, Karl, 1973, Grundrisse:Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft), Penguin Books, pp. 471-479.
Krader, Lawrence, 1975, The Asiatic Mode of Production: Sources, Development and Critique in the Writings of Karl Marx, Van Gorgum & Comp. B.V., Assen, The Nederlands, pp. 287-296.
Althusser, Louis, 1975, Reading Capital, NLB, London, pp. 97-105.
Poulantzas, Nicos, 1982, Political Power and Social Classes, Verso, London, pp. 14-16, 25-28.
Deleuze, Jilles and Felix Guattari, 1983, Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia I, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 184-192.

4th Week: Meaning of wealth in the nomadic/tribal Society
Khazanov, Anatoly, 1994, Nomads, and the Outside World, The University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin, pp. 69-84.
di Cosmo, Nicola, 1994, "Ancient Inner Asian Nomads: Their Economic Basis and Its Significance in Chinese History", in The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 53, No. 4, November 1994, pp. 1092-1095.
Orkun, Hüseyin Namık, 1994, Eski Türk Yazıları, Ankara, pp. 22-84.
Ergin, Muharrem (ed.), 1997, Dede Korkut Kitabı, TDK, Ankara, pp. 243-251.
Sahlins, Marshall, 1968, Tribesmen, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 86-95.

5th Week: Nomadism and tribalism: factors of political instability and socio-economic insecurity
Manz Forbes, Beatrice, 1996, The Riese and Rule of Tamerlane, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 21-65.
Babur, 1993, Baburname, Harvard University Press, The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, pp. 12, 17-22, 46-50, 102-114.

6th Week: Tribalism I: kinship, lineage and the segmentary lineage system
Dresch, Paul, 1986, "The Significance of the Course of Events Take in Segmentary Systems", in American Ethnologist, Vol. 13, pp. 309-324.
Baştuğ, Sharon, "Tribe, Confederation and State among Altaic Nomads of the Asian Steppes" in Ertürk, Korkut A. (ed.), Rethinking Central Asia: Non-Eurocentric Studies in History, Social Structure and Identity, Ithaca Press, Lebanon, pp. 77-109.

7th Week: Tribalism II: Tribe as a political organisation
Ibn Khaldun, 1980, The Mukaddimah: An Introduction to History, tras. by Franz Rosenthal, Vol. I, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 249-310.
Forbes Manz, Beatrice, "Chaghatay Before and After Temür's Rise to Power: The Transformation from Tribal Confederation to Army of Conquest", in Central Asiatic Journal, Vol. 21, No.s 1-2, pp. 79-100.
Woods, John, 1976, The Aqqoyunlu Clan, Confederation, Empire: A Study in 15th/9th Century Turko-Iranian Politics, Bibliotheca Islamica, Minneapolis and Chicago, pp.1-16, 38-54.

8th Week: Tribalism III: tribe and statehood
Hopwood, Keith, 1993, "Peoples, Territories, and States: The Formation of the Begliks of Pre-Ottoman Turkey", in Farah, Ceasar E. (ed.), Decision Making and Change in the Ottoman Empire, The Thomas Jefferson University Press, Kirksville, pp. 129-138.
Woods, John, 1976, The Aqqoyunlu Clan, Confederation, Empire: A Study in 15th/9th Century Turko-Iranian Politics, Bibliotheca Islamica, Minneapolis and Chicago, pp. 99-137.
Lindner, Rudi Paul, 1983, Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, pp. 19-50.
Owen, ?, ?, State Power, Politics in the Making of Modern in the Middle East, ?, ?, pp. 55-80
Garthwhite, Gene R., ?, "Tribes, Confederation and the State: An Historical Overview of the Bakhtiari and Iran", in ?, Afghan Inter-Polity Relations, ?, ?, pp. 314-329.

9th Week: Tribalism IV: tribe under the central state
Barfield, Thomas, 1990, "Tribe and State Relations: The Inner Asian Perspective", in Khoury, Philip S. and Joseph Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, University of California Press, Oxford, pp. 153-182.
Hager, Rob, ?, "State, Tribe and Empire in Afghan Inter-Polity Relations", in ?, Afghan Inter-Polity Relations, ?, pp. 83-118.
Amatzia, Baram, 1997, "Neo-Tribalism in Iraq: Saddam Hussain's Tribal Policies: 1991-1996", in International Journal of Middle East Studies, No. 29, pp. 1-31.
Gellner, Ernst, 1990, "Tribalism and the State", in Khoury, Philip S. and Joseph Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, University of California Press, Oxford, pp. 109-126.

10th Week: Settlement of the nomadic tribes
Halaçoðlu, Yusuf, 1997, XVIII. Yüzyýlda Osmanlý Ýmparatorluðu'nun Ýskan Siyaseti ve Aþiretlerin Yerleþtirilmesi, TTK, Ankara, pp. 11-25, 28-45, 58-59, 70-73, 78-81, 109-111, 116-117, 121-124.
Güran, Tevfik, 1980, "Tanzimat Düneminde Tarým Politikasý (1839-1876)" in Okyar, Osman ve Halil Ýnalcýk (eds.), Türkiye'nin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Tarihi (1071-1920) - Social and Economic History of Turkey, Papers Presented to the 'First International Cogress on the Social and Economic History of Turkey', Hacettepe University, Ankara, pp. 271-277.

11th Week: Tribalism and the Modern State
Tibi, Bassam, 1990, "The Simultaneity of the Unsimultaneous: Old Tribes and Imposed Nation-States in the Modern Middle East", in Khoury, Philip S. and Joseph Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, University of California Press, Oxford, pp. 127-152.
Beck, Louis, 1990, "Tribes and the State in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Iran", in Khoury, Philip, S. and Joseph Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, University of California Press, Oxford, pp. 185-225.
Rabinowitz, Dan and Sliman Khawalde, 2000, "Demilitarized, Then Dispossessed: The Kirad Bedouins of the Hula Valley in the Context of Syrian-Israeli Relations", in International Journal of Middle East Studies, No. 32, pp. 511-530.

12th Week: Tribalism in Modern Society I: Shrinking/disappearance of Tribes; survival of tribalism on various levels of social organisation
Stirling, Paul, 1966, Turkish Village, John Willey and Sons Inc., New York, pp. 99-119, 148-177.
Duben, Alan, 1982, "The Significance of Family and Kinship in Urban Turkey", in Kagitcibasi, Cigdem (ed),Sex Roles, Family and Community in Turkey, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. ??.
White, Jenny B., 1994, Money Makes us Relatives: Women's Labour in Urban Turkey, University of Texas, pp. 57-69.
Gunes Ayata, Ayse, 1994, "Roots and Trends of Clientelism in Turkey", in Roniger, Luis and Ayse Gunes Ayata (eds.), Democracy, Clientelism and Civil Society, Lynne Rienner, London, pp. 49-63.

13th Week: Tribe and modern society, a comparison: tribal notions of order, justice, time and space vs. modern conceptions
Lampton, A. K., 1962, "Justice in the Medieval Theorty of Kingship", in Studia Islamica, No. 17, pp. 91-119.
Hudson, Alfred, 1964, Kazak Social Structure, Human Relations Area Files Press, pp. 24-39.

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last updated 20.I.2004

1st Week:	Encounters with the pastoral nomad: the barbarian tribes of the East Ammianus Marcellinus, ca. 378, excerpt from "The Gothic Invasion and the Battle of Hadrianople" in McCullough, David Willis (ed.), 1998, Chronicles of the Barbarians: Firsthand Accounts of Pillage and Conquest, From the Ancient World to the Fall of Constantinople, History Book Club, New York, pp. 121-126. Priscus, ca. 449, excerpt from "Negotiating and Dining with Attila" in McCullough, David Willis (ed.), 1998, Chronicles of the Barbarians: Firsthand Accounts of Pillage and Conquest, From the Ancient World to the Fall of Constantinople, History Book Club, New York, pp. 158-160. Jornades, 551, excerpt from "A Goth's Biography of Attila", in McCullough, David Mills (ed.), 1998, Chronicles of the Barbarians: Firsthand Accounts of Pillage and Conquest, From the Ancient World to the Fall of Constantiople, History Book Club, New York, pp. 165-166. Childe, Gordon, 1968, What Happened in History, Pelican Books, pp. 29-32. Krader, Lawrence, 1975, The Asiatic Mode of Production: Sources, Development and Critique in the Writings of Karl Marx, Van Gorcum & Comp. B.V., Assen, The Nederlands, pp. 19-80.
2nd Week:	Origins of pastoral nomadism as a way of life Eberhard, Wolfram, 1970, Conquerors and Rulers: Social Forces in Medieval China, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 112-118. Barfield, Thomas, 1993, The Nomadic Alternative, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 4-18. Khazanov, Anatoly, 1994, Nomads and the Outside World, The University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin, pp. 15-69, 85-118.
3rd Week:	The tribal mode of social organization? Marx, Karl, 1973, Grundrisse:Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft), Penguin Books, pp. 471-479. Krader, Lawrence, 1975, The Asiatic Mode of Production: Sources, Development and Critique in the Writings of Karl Marx, Van Gorgum & Comp. B.V., Assen, The Nederlands, pp. 287-296. Althusser, Louis, 1975, Reading Capital, NLB, London, pp. 97-105. Poulantzas, Nicos, 1982, Political Power and Social Classes, Verso, London, pp. 14-16, 25-28. Deleuze, Jilles and Felix Guattari, 1983, Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia I, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 184-192.
4th Week:	Meaning of wealth in the nomadic/tribal Society Khazanov, Anatoly, 1994, Nomads, and the Outside World, The University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin, pp. 69-84. di Cosmo, Nicola, 1994, "Ancient Inner Asian Nomads: Their Economic Basis and Its Significance in Chinese History", in The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 53, No. 4, November 1994, pp. 1092-1095. Orkun, Hüseyin Namık, 1994, Eski Türk Yazıları, Ankara, pp. 22-84. Ergin, Muharrem (ed.), 1997, Dede Korkut Kitabı, TDK, Ankara, pp. 243-251. Sahlins, Marshall, 1968, Tribesmen, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 86-95.
5th Week:	Nomadism and tribalism: factors of political instability and socio-economic insecurity Manz Forbes, Beatrice, 1996, The Riese and Rule of Tamerlane, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 21-65. Babur, 1993, Baburname, Harvard University Press, The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, pp. 12, 17-22, 46-50, 102-114.
6th Week:	Tribalism I: kinship, lineage and the segmentary lineage system Dresch, Paul, 1986, "The Significance of the Course of Events Take in Segmentary Systems", in American Ethnologist, Vol. 13, pp. 309-324. Baştuğ, Sharon, "Tribe, Confederation and State among Altaic Nomads of the Asian Steppes" in Ertürk, Korkut A. (ed.), Rethinking Central Asia: Non-Eurocentric Studies in History, Social Structure and Identity, Ithaca Press, Lebanon, pp. 77-109.
7th Week:	Tribalism II: Tribe as a political organisation Ibn Khaldun, 1980, The Mukaddimah: An Introduction to History, tras. by Franz Rosenthal, Vol. I, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 249-310. Forbes Manz, Beatrice, "Chaghatay Before and After Temür's Rise to Power: The Transformation from Tribal Confederation to Army of Conquest", in Central Asiatic Journal, Vol. 21, No.s 1-2, pp. 79-100. Woods, John, 1976, The Aqqoyunlu Clan, Confederation, Empire: A Study in 15th/9th Century Turko-Iranian Politics, Bibliotheca Islamica, Minneapolis and Chicago, pp.1-16, 38-54.
8th Week:	Tribalism III: tribe and statehood Hopwood, Keith, 1993, "Peoples, Territories, and States: The Formation of the Begliks of Pre-Ottoman Turkey", in Farah, Ceasar E. (ed.), Decision Making and Change in the Ottoman Empire, The Thomas Jefferson University Press, Kirksville, pp. 129-138. Woods, John, 1976, The Aqqoyunlu Clan, Confederation, Empire: A Study in 15th/9th Century Turko-Iranian Politics, Bibliotheca Islamica, Minneapolis and Chicago, pp. 99-137. Lindner, Rudi Paul, 1983, Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, pp. 19-50. Owen, ?, ?, State Power, Politics in the Making of Modern in the Middle East, ?, ?, pp. 55-80 Garthwhite, Gene R., ?, "Tribes, Confederation and the State: An Historical Overview of the Bakhtiari and Iran", in ?, Afghan Inter-Polity Relations, ?, ?, pp. 314-329.
9th Week:	Tribalism IV: tribe under the central state Barfield, Thomas, 1990, "Tribe and State Relations: The Inner Asian Perspective", in Khoury, Philip S. and Joseph Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, University of California Press, Oxford, pp. 153-182. Hager, Rob, ?, "State, Tribe and Empire in Afghan Inter-Polity Relations", in ?, Afghan Inter-Polity Relations, ?, pp. 83-118. Amatzia, Baram, 1997, "Neo-Tribalism in Iraq: Saddam Hussain's Tribal Policies: 1991-1996", in International Journal of Middle East Studies, No. 29, pp. 1-31. Gellner, Ernst, 1990, "Tribalism and the State", in Khoury, Philip S. and Joseph Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, University of California Press, Oxford, pp. 109-126.
10th Week:	Settlement of the nomadic tribes Halaçoðlu, Yusuf, 1997, XVIII. Yüzyýlda Osmanlý Ýmparatorluðu'nun Ýskan Siyaseti ve Aþiretlerin Yerleþtirilmesi, TTK, Ankara, pp. 11-25, 28-45, 58-59, 70-73, 78-81, 109-111, 116-117, 121-124. Güran, Tevfik, 1980, "Tanzimat Düneminde Tarým Politikasý (1839-1876)" in Okyar, Osman ve Halil Ýnalcýk (eds.), Türkiye'nin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Tarihi (1071-1920) - Social and Economic History of Turkey, Papers Presented to the 'First International Cogress on the Social and Economic History of Turkey', Hacettepe University, Ankara, pp. 271-277.
11th Week:	Tribalism and the Modern State Tibi, Bassam, 1990, "The Simultaneity of the Unsimultaneous: Old Tribes and Imposed Nation-States in the Modern Middle East", in Khoury, Philip S. and Joseph Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, University of California Press, Oxford, pp. 127-152. Beck, Louis, 1990, "Tribes and the State in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Iran", in Khoury, Philip, S. and Joseph Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, University of California Press, Oxford, pp. 185-225. Rabinowitz, Dan and Sliman Khawalde, 2000, "Demilitarized, Then Dispossessed: The Kirad Bedouins of the Hula Valley in the Context of Syrian-Israeli Relations", in International Journal of Middle East Studies, No. 32, pp. 511-530.
12th Week:	Tribalism in Modern Society I: Shrinking/disappearance of Tribes; survival of tribalism on various levels of social organisation Stirling, Paul, 1966, Turkish Village, John Willey and Sons Inc., New York, pp. 99-119, 148-177. Duben, Alan, 1982, "The Significance of Family and Kinship in Urban Turkey", in Kagitcibasi, Cigdem (ed),Sex Roles, Family and Community in Turkey, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. ??. White, Jenny B., 1994, Money Makes us Relatives: Women's Labour in Urban Turkey, University of Texas, pp. 57-69. Gunes Ayata, Ayse, 1994, "Roots and Trends of Clientelism in Turkey", in Roniger, Luis and Ayse Gunes Ayata (eds.), Democracy, Clientelism and Civil Society, Lynne Rienner, London, pp. 49-63.
13th Week:	Tribe and modern society, a comparison: tribal notions of order, justice, time and space vs. modern conceptions Lampton, A. K., 1962, "Justice in the Medieval Theorty of Kingship", in Studia Islamica, No. 17, pp. 91-119. Hudson, Alfred, 1964, Kazak Social Structure, Human Relations Area Files Press, pp. 24-39.