Definition, emergence and historical background of tall buildings. Steel, reinforced
concrete and composite tall buildings. Planning and design considerations.
Lateral loads; wind and earthquake effects. Aerodynamic modifications against wind loads. Structural systems of tall buildings:
rigid frame systems, braced frame and
shear walled frame systems, outriggered frame systems, framed-tube systems, braced-tube systems and bundled tube systems. Tall building case studies.
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