EE 415  -  INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL IMAGING

                       2012-2013 Academic Year -  Fall Semester

Instructor : Murat Eyüboglu                              Teaching Assistant: Cihan Göksu
Office     : DZ-09                                                Office         : DZ-08
Credit Hours: (3-0) 3

Catalogue Description: Fundamentals of X-ray, generation and detection of X-rays, X-ray diagnostic
methods, X-ray image characteristics, biological effects of ionizing radiation.
Fundamentals of acoustic propagation, generation and detection of ultrasound, ultrasonic diagnostic
methods, biological effects of ulrasound.
Fundamentals of radionuclide imaging, generation and detection of nuclear emission, radionuclide
imaging methods, radiation dosimetry and biological effects.
Fundamentals of magnetic resonance imaging, generation and detection of NMR signal, imaging
methods, biological effects of magnetic fields.

Course Objectives / Goals: To present the fundamentals of four major medical imaging modalities,
namely, X-ray including CT and digital radiography, ultrasound, radionuclide imaging including
SPECT and PET and magnetic resonance imaging.

Prerequisites: EE 301 Signals and Systems.

Laboratory work: No laboratory work is required. There will be a term project.
 Grading policy

2 Midterm  Exams

22,5 % each

Term Project 

20%

Homeworks / Attendance / Class Perf.

 5%

Final Exam 

30%

 

IMPORTANT NOTE:

 

To be able to eligible for the final exam, students should take all the midterm exams, turn in the term project on due date. In addition to that requirement,

  1. the minimum average score of 25 over 100 should be obtained from the midterm exams,
  2. the minimum score of 25 over 100  should be obtained from the term project.

 

Students who do not take any one of the midterm exams or the final exam or do not turn in their term projects on due date will be graded with “NA”.

Students who are graded with “NA” will not be eligible for the RESIT EXAM.

 

Textbook:

Authors

Title

Publisher

Year

K. Kirk Shung, Michael B. Smith, Benjamin Tsui

Principles of Medical Imaging

Academic Press, Inc., London

1992

Z.H. Cho, J.P. Jones and M. Singh

Foundations of Medical Imaging

Wiley, NewYork

1993

Reference Books:

Authors

Title

Publisher

Year

Avinash C. Kak, Malcolm Slaney
Available in pdf format at:
http://www.slaney.org/pct/index.html

Principles of Computerized 
Tomographic Imaging

 IEEE Press, New York

1988

Zhi-Pei Liang and Paul Lauterbur

Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):
A signal processing perspective

IEEE Press, New York

1999

Albert Macowski

Medical Imaging Systems

Prentice-Hall, New Jersey

1983

Gabor T. Herman

Image Reconstruction from Projections; The Fundementals of
Computerized Tomography

Academic Press, NewYork

1980

S. Webb (Ed.)

The Physics of Medical Imaging

Adam Hilger, Bristol

1990

B.H. Brown, R.H. Smallwood, D.C.Barber
et al

Medical Physics and Biomedical engineering

Institute of Physics

1999

Course Syllabus

Course Introduction

(0.5 hrs.)

Fundamentals of X-ray: electromagnetic radiation, interactions between X-rays and matter, intensity of an X-ray beam, attenuation. 

(2 hrs.)

Generation and detection of X-rays: X-ray generators, filters, beam restrictors and grids, intensifying screens, fluorescent screens, X-ray films. 

(2 hrs.)

X-ray diagnostic methods: conventional X-ray radiography, fluoroscopy, angiography,
mammography, image subtraction, conventional tomography. 

(1 hrs.)

Computed tomography: projection function, Radon integral, parallel projection, backprojection, filtered backprojection, Fourier slice theorem, convolution backprojection. 

(4 hrs.)

X-ray image characteristics: spatial resolution (point spread function, line spread function, edge spread function), image noise, image contrast. 

(1 hr.)

Biological effects of ionizing radiation: threshold, exposure time, exposure area. 

(1 hr.)

An introductory tutorial on the term project

(1 hrs.)

Fundamentals of Acoustic Propagation: stress and strain relationship, equation of motion,
characteristic impedance, intensity, radiation force, reflection and refraction, attenuation, absorbtion, scattering, Doppler effect and Doppler methods. 

(3 hrs.)

Generation and detection of ultrasound: piezoelectric effect, ultrasonic transducers (mechanical and electrical matching), transducer beam characteristics, axial and lateral resolution, focusing, arrays. 

(3 hrs.)

Ultrasonic Diagnostic methods: pulse-echo systems (A or amplitude mode, B or brightness mode, M or motion mode and C-mode), 

(1 hr.)

Ultrasonic transmission methods and transmission tomography. 

(2 hrs.)

Biological effects of ultrasound: acoustic phenomena at high intensity levels, ultrasound bioeffects. 

(1 hr.)

Fundamentals of nuclear medicine: Nuclear particles, nuclear activity and Half-life, units for measuring nuclear activity, interaction of nuclear particles and matter (alpha particles, beta particles,gamma Rays), attenuation of gamma radiation, radionuclides, counting statistics. 

(3hrs)

Generation and detection of nuclear emission: nuclear sources, radionuclide generators, nuclear radiation detectors, collimators. 

(1 hrs.)

Radionuclide Imaging Systems: rectilinear scanner, scintillation scanner, single photon emission tomography, positron emission tomography. 

(2 hrs.)

Internal radiation dosimetry and biological effects. 

(1 hr.)

Fundamentals of Nuclear magnetic resonance: angular momentum, magnetic dipole moment,
magnetization, larmor frequency, rotating frame of reference and the RF magnetic field. 

(3 hrs.)

Generation and detection of NMR signal: the magnet (superconducting magnets, permanent
magnets), magnetic field gradients, the NMR coil/probe, data acquisition. 

(3 hrs.)

Imaging methods: slice selection, frequency encoding, phase encoding,spin-echo imaging, gradient-echo imaging, blood flow imaging. 

(4 hrs.)

Biological effects of magnetic fields : static magnetic fields, radio frequency fields, gradient magnetic fields. 

(2 hrs.)