EE 519 – MEDICAL IMAGING

2013-2014 Academic Year – Spring Semester

Credit Hours: (3-0) 3

Course Schedule: Tue 13:40-15:30 (D 134), Thu 14:40 (EA 208)

ANNOUNCEMENTS
February 13, 2014	First class meeting will be held on Tuesday, February 18.
June 10, 2014	Grades

Instructor: Yeşim Serinağaoğlu
Office: DZ-03

E-mail: yserin@metu.edu.tr

Catalogue Description: Physical principles of x-ray, NMR, ultrasound and nuclear imaging as applied to medicine. Mathematical formulation of the imaging problem for these modalities. Backprojection, convolution, Fourier and Algebraic techniques of image reconstruction. Data acquisition techniques and hardware considerations. New imaging modalities and application areas.

Recommended Prerequisites: EE 415 – Introduction to Medical Imaging.

Textbooks:

1. Avinash C. Kak and Malcolm Slaney, “Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging,” IEEE Press, New York, 1988. (Available in pdf format at: http://www.slaney.org/pct/index.html)
2. Z.H. Cho, J.P. Jones and M. Singh, “Foundations of Medical Imaging,” Wiley, New York, 1993.
3. Zhi-Pei Liang and Paul Lauterbur, “Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): A signal processing perspective,” IEEE Press, New York,1999.

Reference Books:

1. Albert Macowski, “Medical Imaging Systems,” Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1983.
2. Gabor T. Herman, “Image Reconstruction from Projections; The Fundementals of Computerized Tomography,” Academic Press, New York, 1980.
3. K. Kirk Shung, Michael B. Smith, Benjamin Tsui, “Principles of Medical Imaging,” Academic Press, Inc., London, 1992.
4. S. Webb (Ed.), The Physics of Medical Imaging, Adam Hilger, Bristol, 1990.
5. V. Kuperman, “Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Physical Principles and Applications,” Academic Press, New York, 2000.

Tentative Course Syllabus:

Introduction – Signal and image processing fundamentals.

(Textbook 1: Sec. 2.1, 2.2, 5.1) 

Image reconstruction with non-diffracting sources in two dimensions: Radon transform, central section theorem, inverse Radon transform, filtered back-projection, reconstruction from fan beam projections, reconstruction from a limited number of views.

(Textbook 1: Sec. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5)

Image reconstruction with non-diffracting sources in three dimensions: True three dimensional reconstruction algorithm for the complete sphere, true three dimensional reconstruction algorithm of generalized form, planar-integral projection reconstruction.

(Textbook 1: Sec. 3.6) 

Algebraic reconstruction algorithms: Algebraic reconstruction techniques, simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique, simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique.

(Textbook 1: Sec. 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4) 

Fundamentals of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance:  Physical fundamentals of NMR, Mathematics of magnetic resonance, Bloch equation, gradient fields, RF field, rotating frame, spin relaxation.

(Textbooks 2 and 3)

MRI techniques: Conventional imaging sequences, saturation, partial saturation, inversion recovery, spin echo techniques, T1 and T2 weighted imaging, practical pulse sequence design.

(Textbooks 2 and 3)

MRI Hardware.

(Lecture notes)

MR Multi slice imaging:  Projection data measurement in MRI, multi-slice imaging.

(Textbooks 2 and 3)

MR High speed imaging:  Echo-planar imaging (EPI), spiral scan EPI, square spiral scan EPI, Gradient echo imaging, SSFP imaging.

(Textbooks 2 and 3)

Data space, k-space and image space in MRI.

(Lecture notes)

Flow imaging and flow related MRI: Principles of bulk flow imaging, flow compensation in imaging, microscopic flow imaging, angiography.

(Textbooks 2 and 3)

MR microscopy and high-resolution imaging.

(Textbooks 2 and 3)

Tomographic imaging with diffracting sources: Diffracted projections, approximations to the wave equations, the Fourier diffraction theorem, interpolation and filtered back-projection algorithm for diffracting sources, limitations, evaluations of reconstruction algorithms, experimental limitations.

(Textbook 1)

Ultrasonic reflection tomography: B-scan imaging, reflection tomography, reflection vs. diffraction tomography, reflection tomography with point transmitter/receiver.

(Textbook 1)

Ultrasonic computed tomography: Ultrasonic refractive index tomography, ultrasonic attenuation tomography.

(Textbook 1)

Emerging medical imaging modalities.