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CHAPTER
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SUBJECT
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DETAILS
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1
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Introduction
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Introduction
to Biomedical Engineering with Electrical Engineering perspective. Elements
of a generalized Medical Instrumentation System.
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2
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Biomedical
signals and measurement
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Properties
of biomedical signals and measurement constraints.
Static
and dynamic performance characteristics of measurements (absolute/relative
error, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution, reliability,
repeatability systematic/random error).
Design
constraints and process for medical instruments.
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3
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Biomedical
transducer principles
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Resistive,
capacitive, inductive, optical and ultrasonic sensors (transducers) to
measure biophysical parameters such as force, displacement, temperature and
velocity.
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4
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Laws
of Membrane Biophysics
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Resting
electrical properties of cells and electrical equivalent model for the
excitable cell membrane.
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5
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Action
potential generation and Hodgkin-Huxley Model
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Action
potential generation, voltage clamp experiment and Hodgkin-Huxley model of the
action potential generation.
Action
potential propagation and cable model.
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6
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Electroneurogram
(ENG) and Electromyogram (EMG).
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Synaptic
transmission and neuromuscular junction.
Electroneurogram
(ENG) and Electromyogram (EMG).
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7
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Electrical
activation of the heart
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Anatomy
and function of the heart, electrical behavior of cardiac cells, electrical activation
of the heart.
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8
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Dipole
theory of Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Vector cardiogram
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Dipole
theory of Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Vector cardiogram.
Unipolar
and Bipolar measurement techniques.
Wilsons
central and augmented lead terminal common.
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9
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Electroencephalography
(EEG)
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Basic
anatomy and function of the brain, cerebrum,
cerebellum, brain stem, cerebral cortex, electrical potentials from the
brain, resting rhythms of the brain, clinical Electroencephalography
(EEG).
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10
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Biopotential
electrodes
Biopotential
amplifiers
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Polarisation,
polarising and non-polarising electrodes.
Electrode-electrolyte
interface and electrode circuit models, Electrode-skin interface and motion
artifact.
Modifying
and interfering signals.
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11
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Biopotential
(Instrumentation) amplifiers
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Specific
requirements to measure low level signals in noise, Biopotential
(Instrumentation) amplifiers, Interference reduction techniques,
Common
mode reduction (Driven-Right-Leg) circuits.
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12
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Biopotential
(Instrumentation) amplifiers
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Noise
and noise reduction techniques.
Isolation,
grounding and shielding in biomedical instrumentation.
Electrical
and Patient safety.
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13
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Therapeutic
and prosthetic devices
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Neural
stimulator, pacemaker, defibrillator, respirator, etc.
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14
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Circulatory
and respiratory measurements and instruments
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Measurement
of blood pressure and related equipment.
Doppler
effect and measurement of blood flow and velocity.
Measurement
of respiratory volumes and flow, related devices.
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